Acanthosis nigricanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans ke lets'oao la bongaka le khetholloang ke bosootho ho isa ho botšo, bo sa hlalosoang hantle, letlalo le nang le velvety hyperpigmentation. Hangata e fumaneha ka mameno a 'mele, joalo ka mameno a ka morao le a lateral a molala, maphaka, groin, mokhubu, phatla le libaka tse ling. E amahanngoa le ho se sebetse ha endocrine, haholo-holo ho hanyetsa insulin le hyperinsulinemia, joalokaha ho bonoa ho lefu la tsoekere.

Mabaka
Hangata e etsahala ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40, e ka ba lefutso la lefutso mme e amahanngoa le botenya kapa lefu la endocrinopathies, joalo ka hypothyroidism, acromegaly, polycystic ovary disease, lefu la tsoekere le hananang le insulin kapa lefu la Cushing.

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  • Ho tloaelehile ho batho ba batenya.
  • Black pigmentation le wrinkles liphakeng ka bobeli li fana ka maikutlo a Acanthosis nigricans.
References Acanthosis Nigricans 28613711 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans ke ponahatso ea letlalo la boemo bo ka tlase. Hangata e hlaha mamenong a letlalo joalo ka molala, liphakeng, le groin, e shebahala joalo ka maqeba a matšo a botala bo bosootho a nang le mapheo a sa hlakang. Boemo bona hangata bo amahanngoa le lefu la tsoekere le ho hana insulin, empa maemong a sa tloaelehang, bo ka supa mofetše ka hare ho 'mele. E ka boela ea hlaha ka lebaka la mathata a li-hormone kapa ho noa meriana e itseng e kang li-steroids le lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane.
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous manifestation of an underlying condition. It usually develops in skin folds, such as the back of the neck, axilla, and groin, where it presents as velvety hyper-pigmented patches with poorly defined borders. Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, but rarely it can be a sign of internal malignancy. It can also occur with hormone disorders or with the use of certain medications like systemic glucocorticoids and oral contraceptives.
 Current treatment options for acanthosis nigricans 30122971 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) ke boemo bo tloaelehileng ba letlalo bo amanang le mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle joalo ka ho hana insulin, lefu la tsoekere, botenya, mefuta e meng ea mofetše, mathata a lihormone, le karabelo ea meriana. Ho phekola AN ho shebane le ho rarolla mathata a teng a bophelo bo botle. Qalong, lingaka li hlahloba matšoao a lefu la ho hanyetsa insulin, le akarelletsang botenya, k'holeseterole e phahameng, khatello e phahameng ea mali le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Hangata lingaka li fana ka topical retinoids e le khetho ea pele ea phekolo, e ka thusang ho teteaneng ha letlalo. Leha ho le joalo, li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa sebetsana le ho fifala ha letlalo ka botlalo. Mekhoa e meng ea kalafo (salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, calcipotriol) le eona e hloka ho sebelisoa khafetsa.
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common dermatologic manifestation of systemic disease that is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, internal malignancy, endocrine disorders, and drug reactions. Treatment of AN primarily focuses on resolution of the underlying disease processes causing the velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques found on the skin. Initial considerations for the AN workup include evaluating patients for insulin resistance syndrome characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II. For cosmetic treatment, topical retinoids are considered the first-line therapy for insulin-resistant AN by modifying keratinization rate. However, topical tretinoin requires application for long durations and improves hyperkeratosis, but not hyperpigmentation. Topical salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, and calcipotriol also require frequent application, while TCA peels may provide a faster and less time-intense burden.